Blood Component Therapy

The process of transfusing only that portion of the blood needed by the patient is called blood component therapy. It allows a single unit (one pint) of donated blood to benefit more than one patient.  Red blood cells and platelets are the most frequently transfused blood components.  Following are descriptions of blood products used in blood component transfusions.

Whole blood

Whole blood consists of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets, all of which float in a colorless, watery fluid called plasma.  Transfusions of whole blood are rarely required.  However, if a person has undergone certain types of major surgery or has suffered major trauma such as a car accident or gunshot wound requiring emergency surgery, a transfusion of whole blood may be necessary.  Whole blood can be stored for 5 weeks.

Packed red cells and frozen red cells

Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen throughout the body. Packed red cells have about 40 percent of the volume of whole blood.  Using frozen red cells reduces the risk of infusing antigens, or foreign bodies, that the body might regard as potentially dangerous.  Recent advances have made it possible to store red blood cells for up to 42 days.  A transfusion of red blood cells may be necessary for people who have suffered acute trauma before surgery or for people with anemia who are having surgery.

Platelet concentrates

Platelets are cellular components that help in the clotting process.  A platelet transfusion is used if there is a platelet disorder or when massive blood loss has occurred.  Platelets are stored for up to five days at room temperature.  A platelet transfusion may be necessary after prolonged surgery.

Cryoprecipitated antihemophilic factor

Cryoprecipitated antihemophilic factor, an antihemophilic concentrate, is prepared from plasma and is rich in clotting factors.  It is used in people with hemophilia, von Willebrand's disease or other major coagulation abnormalities to prevent or control bleeding.

Last Updated: 10/1/2002
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