Common Tests Used to Evaluate Fertility of the Male Partner

Semen analysis

Examination of the semen should ideally be performed after a 72-hour abstinence from ejaculation, with the specimen analyzed within 2 hours of collection. The sperm should be evaluated for the number of sperm, which should exceed 20 million per mL; volume of ejaculate, which should range between 1.5 and 5 mL (about 1/4 to 1 tsp); motility and morphology of sperm, 50 to 60 percent of which should be actively moving and 35 percent of which should be of normal shape and size.

Blood tests

In certain cases, the doctor may recommend measuring blood levels of testosterone, prolactin, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. These tests can help to determine if the problem lies in the testicle or in the pituitary gland that stimulates the testicle to produce sperm. Generally, these tests will be performed only if the sperm count is low or if there are other reasons to suspect a problem in the endocrine system.

Ultrasound

Rarely, the doctor may recommend a scrotal ultrasound to detect varicoceles or testicular abnormalities. Ultrasonography of the prostate and seminal vesicles may also be performed to detect obstruction in men with low ejaculate volume.

Last Updated: 10/30/2002
The Johns Hopkins University 1996-2003.  All rights reserved.  This information is not intended to provide advice on personal medical matters, nor is it intended to be a substitute for consultation.